WINE 红酒Wine is an
alcoholic beverage often made of
fermented grape juice. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients. Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of
yeast. Yeast consumes the sugars found in the grapes and converts them into
alcohol. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the type of wine being produced.
Wine has a rich history dating back to around 6000 BC and is thought to have originated in areas now within the borders of
Georgia and
Iran. Wine probably appeared in
Europe at about 4500 BC in what is now
Bulgaria and
Greece, and was very common in
ancient Greece,
Thrace and
Rome. Wine has also played an important role in religion throughout history. The
Greek god
Dionysos and the
Roman equivalent
Bacchus represented wine, and the drink is also used in
Christian and
Jewish ceremonies such as the
Eucharist (also called the
Holy Communion) and
Kiddush.
The word "wine" derives from the
Proto-Germanic "*winam," an early borrowing from the
Latin vinum, "wine" or "(grape)
vine," itself derived from the
Proto-Indo-European stem *win-o- (cf.
Hittite: wiyana ,
Lycian: Oino,
Ancient Greek οῖνος - oînos,
Aeolic Greek ϝοίνος - woinos).
葡萄酒 ，是用
葡萄酿造的
酒。
水果中尤其是葡萄中
葡萄糖含量较高，贮存一段时间就会发出酒味，早在六千年以前，在盛产葡萄的
地中海区域，
两河流域的
苏美尔人和
尼罗河流域的古
埃及人就会酿造葡萄酒。
当前世界上葡萄酒也是产量最大、普及最广的一种
单糖酿造酒。葡萄原产于黑海与里海之间的外高加索地区，直到
西汉时经
张骞通
西域才传到中国，目前葡萄已经被广泛引种到世界各地，主要是作为酿酒原料，但世界最好和最有名的葡萄酒有许多产于
法国，
法国葡萄酒的酿造历史可追朔到
罗马帝国时期，法国的气候温和，除了北部
诺曼底一小部分区域以外，法国全境都能生产高质量的葡萄，法国政府将全国10个主要葡萄产区列为法定葡萄酒产区，即只有本地产的酒才可以以地区命名（AOC，Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée），这10个产区的葡萄酒基本都是世界名酒。
在舞蹈文化中，有一种
葡萄酒舞是在酿酒用葡萄丰收时，庆祝的团体舞蹈。
基督教亦以葡萄酒作为
耶稣基督宝血的象征。
葡萄酒以完成品的颜色来说，分为红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒及粉红葡萄酒三类。以酿造方式来说，可以分为静态葡萄酒(Still wine)、气泡葡萄酒(Sparkling wine)、加烈葡萄酒(Fortified wine)和加味葡萄酒(Aromatized wine)四类。葡萄酒的
酒精含量一般为百分之八到十五，加烈葡萄酒可能会更高。
Info from Wikipedia资料源自维基百科
